Kaynakça
Millar NL, Meakins A, Struyf F, et al. Frozen shoulder. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2022;8:59.
Hamed-Hamed D, Rodríguez-Pérez C, Pruimboom L, Navarro-Ledesma S. Influence of the metabolic and inflammatory profile in patients with frozen shoulder - systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2025;26:475. Erratum in: BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2025;26:664.
Navarro-Ledesma S. Frozen shoulder as a systemic immunometabolic disorder: the roles of estrogen, thyroid dysfunction, endothelial health, lifestyle, and clinical implications. J Clin Med. 2025;14:7315.
Mahmoud TH, El-Sayed MS, Abdelnaeem WG. Association between frozen shoulder and diabetes mellitus: a narrative review. Deraya International Journal for Medical Sciences and Rehabilitation. 2025;1:16-32.
Won KS, Kim DH, Sung DH, et al. Clinical correlation of metabolic parameters on 18F-FDG PET/CT in idiopathic frozen shoulder. Ann Nucl Med. 2017;31:211-7.
Safran O, El-Haj M, Leibowitz G, et al. Should patients with frozen shoulder be screened for diabetes mellitus? Orthop J Sports Med. 2017;5:2325967117716450.
Sung CM, Jung TS, Park HB. Are serum lipids involved in primary frozen shoulder? A case-control study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014;96:1828-33.
Salek AK, Mamun MA, Haque MA, et al. Serum triglyceride level in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with or without frozen shoulder. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull. 2010;36:64-7.
Mertens MG, Meeus M, Lluch Girbes E, et al. Differences in biomechanical and metabolic factors between patients with frozen shoulder and asymptomatic individuals. A cross-sectional study. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2024;72:102980.
Pérez-Montilla JJ, Guzmán-García R, Pruimboom L, Navarro-Ledesma S. Does leptin and insulin levels influence pain and disability in subjects with frozen shoulder? A cross-sectional study. Eur J Pain. 2025;29:e70007.
Park HB, Gwark JY, Jung J. What serum lipid abnormalities are associated with adhesive capsulitis accompanied by diabetes? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2018;476:2231-7.
Dyer BP, Burton C, Rathod-Mistry T, Blagojevic-Bucknall M, van der Windt DA. Diabetes as a prognostic factor in frozen shoulder: a systematic review. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl. 2021;3:100141.
de la Serna D, Navarro-Ledesma S, Alayón F, López E, Pruimboom L. A comprehensive view of frozen shoulder: a mystery syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:663703.
Katar M, Demir O. Triglyceride glucose index: as a glycemic control indicator. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025;22:357-63.
Guerrero-Romero F, Simental-Mendía LE, González-Ortiz M, et al. The product of triglycerides and glucose, a simple measure of insulin sensitivity. Comparison with the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:3347-51.
Unger G, Benozzi SF, Perruzza F, Pennacchiotti GL. Triglycerides and glucose index: a useful indicator of insulin resistance. Endocrinol Nutr. 2014;61:533-40.
Buonacera A, Stancanelli B, Colaci M, Malatino L. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio: an emerging marker of the relationships between the immune system and diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:3636.
Mangoni AA, Zinellu A. The diagnostic role of the systemic inflammation index in patients with immunological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Med. 2024;24:27.
Sarasua SM, Floyd S, Bridges WC, Pill SG. The epidemiology and etiology of adhesive capsulitis in the U.S. Medicare population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22:828.
Milgrom C, Novack V, Weil Y, Jaber S, Radeva-Petrova DR, Finestone A. Risk factors for idiopathic frozen shoulder. Isr Med Assoc J. 2008;10:361-4.
Zhang Y, Fan W, Wang Y, Dong T, Liu D, Shao Y. The association between primary frozen shoulder and serum lipids may be overestimated: evidence based on retrospective observational studies and Mendelian randomization. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025;15:1363018.
Sun G, Li Q, Yin Y, Fu W, He K, Pen X. Risk factors and predictive models for frozen shoulder. Sci Rep. 2024;14:15261.
Esposito K, Nappo F, Marfella R, et al. Inflammatory cytokine concentrations are acutely increased by hyperglycemia in humans: role of oxidative stress. Circulation. 2002;106:2067-72.
Reddy GK. Glucose-mediated in vitro glycation modulates biomechanical integrity of the soft tissues but not hard tissues. J Orthop Res. 2003;21:738-43.
Austin DC, Gans I, Park MJ, Carey JL, Kelly JD 4th. The association of metabolic syndrome markers with adhesive capsulitis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2014;23:1043-51.
Chan JH, Ho BS, Alvi HM, Saltzman MD, Marra G. The relationship between the incidence of adhesive capsulitis and hemoglobin A1c. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017;26:1834-7.
Longo UG, Franceschi F, Ruzzini L, Spiezia F, Maffulli N, Denaro V. Higher fasting plasma glucose levels within the normoglycaemic range and rotator cuff tears. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43:284-7.
Park HB, Gwark JY, Kam M, Jung J. Association between fasting glucose levels and adhesive capsulitis in a normoglycemic population: a case-control study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020;29:2240-7.
Lho YM, Ha E, Cho CH, et al. Inflammatory cytokines are overexpressed in the subacromial bursa of frozen shoulder. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2013;22:666-72.
Kabbabe B, Ramkumar S, Richardson M. Cytogenetic analysis of the pathology of frozen shoulder. Int J Shoulder Surg. 2010;4:75-8.
Bunker TD, Reilly J, Baird KS, Hamblen DL. Expression of growth factors, cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in frozen shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000;82:768-73.
Tosun MF, Çiçeklidağ M, Bircan R, et al. The role of inflammatory markers in the differential diagnosis of stiff shoulder disease. Jt Dis Relat Surg. 2025;36:415-9.
Çelik İ, Çelik H, Ayanoğlu T, Arıkan E, Kayış SA. Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio is a good marker of adhesive capsulitis in rotator cuff tears. Acta Medica Alanya 2023;7;226-31.


